Table of Contents

How to Use This Book

Chapter 1
Philosophy

What is Philosophy?
A Brief Introduction to Arguments
Introductory Tips on Reading and Writing Philosophy

Chapter 2
Epistemology

René Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy
John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (selections)
George Berkeley, Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, First Dialogue
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, Introduction
Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy, Chapters 1-3
G.E. Moore, “Proof of an External World”

Chapter 3
Philosophy of Science

David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Sections IV and V
Nelson Goodman, Fact, Fiction, and Forecast: “The New Riddle of Induction”
Carl Hempel, Philosophy of Natural Science: “Scientific Inquiry: Invention and Test”
Karl Popper, “Science: Conjectures and Refutations”
C.S. Peirce, “The Fixation of Belief”
Thomas Kuhn, “Objectivity, Value Judgment, and Theory Choice”

Chapter 4

New Directions in Philosophy

Lorraine Code, “Is the Sex of the Knower Epistemologically Significant?”
W.V.O. Quine, “Epistemology Naturalized”
David Lewis, “Elusive Knowledge”

Sources for Quotations